Flathead Catfish

Pylodictis olivaris

Species Overview

Physical Characteristics

The Flathead Catfish has a distinctively flattened head and projecting lower jaw that gives it a unique appearance among catfish species. The body is elongated and covered in smooth, scaleless skin with abundant mucus coating. Coloration ranges from pale yellow to dark brown with mottled patterns that darken with age. The tail fin is square or slightly notched, not forked like channel catfish. Adults typically develop a distinctly broad, flat head profile. Eyes are small and positioned high on the head. The fish has eight barbels (whiskers) around the mouth for sensory detection.

Fishing Information

Size Range

24-36 inches

Best Lakes

Southern Chain

Peak Season

Spring, Summer, Fall

Best Baits

live baits

Fishing Guide

Best Fishing Times:

Dawn, Morning, Dusk, Night
Peak Fishing Seasons:

Spring, Summer, Fall
Recommended Lures:

live baits
Abundance in Chain:

Common
Fighting Quality:

Excellent Fighter

Habitat & Behavior

Deep pools (10-40 feet) with structural cover
Submerged logs and woody debris
Undercut banks and root wads
Bridge pilings and marina structures
Rock piles and riprap areas
River channels and connecting waters between lakes
Areas with stable water levels and moderate current

Spawning Season & Behavior

Summer (June-August): Peak season with most active feeding

Early Fall (September-October): Excellent fishing as fish feed heavily before winter

Spring (May): Good during spawning activity in warming water

Winter (November-March): Slow but possible in deeper holes during mild periods

Conservation Status

Flathead Catfish play a crucial role in the Fox Chain ecosystem as apex predators controlling rough fish populations. While no size limits exist, consider practicing selective harvest:

Release trophy fish over 40 pounds (prime breeding stock)
Keep medium-sized fish (15-30 pounds) for best table fare
Document and photograph large catches before release

Fishing Techniques

Limbline/Jug Fishing: Set multiple lines in deep holes (where legal)

Bank Fishing: Target undercut banks and structural areas at night

Anchor Fishing: Position boat over deep holes near cover

Float Fishing: Suspend live bait at mid-depth near structure

Drift Fishing: Cover large areas in connecting channels

Noodling/Hand Fishing: (Illinois regulations vary – check current laws)

Heavy Tackle Required: 30-50 lb test line, strong hooks, sturdy rods

Current Regulations

Daily Limit:

5 per day
Minimum Length:

No Limit
Special Rules:
- Check local municipality ordinances regarding setlines, limblines, and jug fishing within specific Fox Chain lakes
- Some marinas and developed areas may restrict certain fishing methods
- Night fishing permitted but some access points have restricted hours
- Always check current Illinois DNR regulations as rules are updated annually
- Special tournament permits may be required for organized fishing events