Gizzard Shad

Dorosoma cepedianum

Species Overview

Physical Characteristics

Deep, laterally compressed body with silver coloration. The body is noticeably deeper than most minnows, giving a herring-like appearance. Head is short with a small, toothless mouth oriented slightly upward.

Fishing Information

Size Range

8-12 inches

Peak Season

Spring, Summer, Fall

Best Baits

Cast nets (most effective) Dip nets in schools Tiny sabiki rigs (small hooks) Seine nets in shallow areas

Fishing Guide

Best Fishing Times:

Dawn, Morning, Midday, Afternoon
Peak Fishing Seasons:

Spring, Summer, Fall
Recommended Lures:

Cast nets (most effective) Dip nets in schools Tiny sabiki rigs (small hooks) Seine nets in shallow areas
Abundance in Chain:

Abundant
Fighting Quality:

Moderate Fighter

Habitat & Behavior

Open water, shallow bays, and areas with abundant plankton

Spawning Season & Behavior

Spawn when water reaches 50-70°F (typically April-June in Illinois)
Scatter eggs over shallow areas with no nest building
No parental care
Females broadcast thousands of eggs
Multiple spawning events throughout spring/summer

Conservation Status

Status: Secure and stable; naturally expanding range

Population Health: Healthy and self-sustaining in Fox Chain O’Lakes

Management: No active management needed; naturally reproducing population

Ecological Balance: Important component of forage base; supports healthy predator populations

Fishing Techniques

Gizzard shad are NOT typically targeted by recreational anglers

When Caught:

Occasionally snagged while fishing for other species
Sometimes caught on very small hooks with tiny bait
Netted by anglers seeking live bait for predator fishing
Caught in cast nets in shallow areas

Use as Bait:

Excellent live bait for muskie, pike, catfish, and bass
Cut bait for catfish
Best kept alive in aerated bait tanks
Legal to use as bait in Illinois (check local regulations)

Current Regulations

Daily Limit:

No Limit
Minimum Length:

No Limit
Special Rules:
- May be taken by cast net, dip net, or seine (check local ordinances)
- Legal for use as live or cut bait
- No closed season
- Some areas may restrict netting methods – check Fox Waterway Agency regulations