Illinois is home to four gar species: longnose gar (most common), shortnose gar, spotted gar, and alligator gar Outdoor Illinois Journal: Gar: Fascinating Fossil Fish. The first three species are commonly found in Illinois lakes and rivers, while alligator gar are being reintroduced through a state program.

Group Dynamics:

• Female longnose gar attract one to several males and lead them around an elliptical path for a period of time before spawning occurs Fishing in Illinois-Longnose Gar
• Shortnose gar spawning groups typically contain one female and several males, with no parental care provided Fishing in Illinois-Shortnose Gar

Spawning Characteristics:

• Females scatter eggs over aquatic plants and other objects in shallow water, with eggs hatching in about eight days shortnose gar – Illinois Department of Natural Resources
• Gar eggs are toxic to humans and other animals, providing protection from predators

Status: Secure — stable populations in the Fox Chain O’Lakes

Population Health: Healthy breeding populations, particularly in vegetated backwaters and connected channels. Gar thrive in the Chain’s warm, shallow areas.

Ecological Role: Important apex predator that controls populations of rough fish including shad, carp, and suckers. Their removal of weak and diseased fish improves overall ecosystem health.

Management: No size or bag limits in Illinois. Gar were historically persecuted as “trash fish” but are now recognized for their ecological value and sporting qualities.

Conservation Note: Attitudes toward gar are changing nationally. Many states now protect larger gar species, recognizing their ancient lineage and ecological importance.